Mate Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mate Selection - Essay Example (Greenberg, et. al., 2011, p. 73) Communication also involves sexual communication. Intimacy also plays a big role in the success of a relationship. An individual who would like to let another person be a part of his or her life for a long period of time will search for someone who can share his or her views on sex. I think an example of this can be found in the movie The Mirror Has Two Faces starring Barbra Streisand as Rose and Jeff Bridges as Gregory. In this movie, Rose is a plain-looking but witty and charming woman who had been single all her life and would like to find a handsome man to marry. Gregory, on the other hand, is a smart and sexually active professor who is trying to find a life-partner who is plain and not sexually attractive. Because sex is always appealing to him, Gregory is usually in a dilemma with sexually attractive partners because he gets easily distracted and loses focus. The two eventually marry but later separate because Rose is dissatisfied with the lack of intimacy in the marriage. Even if they were able to consequently resolve their sexual problem during the movie, their obvious miscommunication was the main reason for their separation. Another example, this time in real-life, is what happened to someone I know. He is American and married a Japanese woman. After having their child, the wife started sleeping in the child’s room more often than sharing her husband’s bed. The couple also did not have sex as often as they did before. After a year, the American husband filed for divorce. Now, he is married to an American woman who enjoys drinking, rock music and sex like he does. He says it is like being married to himself. An example of a successful relationship based on communication is that of the longest married couple in America. John and Ann Betar of Connecticut celebrated their 80th wedding anniversary in November 2012. (Sher, 2013) When

Marketing Campaign of Nike Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Campaign of Nike - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that the substandard endeavors of International Olympic Committee (IOC) demanded to ensure that their chosen sponsors receive hefty spotlight during London Olympics games. The associated athletes were restricted for two weeks from showing their appearance for any unofficial sponsors. Unofficial sponsors were not allowed to gain benefits from Olympic themed messages. For a large number of ads, the plan of IOC worked. However, some creative companies and athletes found their way around the system. Nike was one such company that came up with a smart approach. Instead of investing millions of dollar for obtaining official sponsorship, it found a distinct way to celebrate Olympics at London. The company launched a new marketing campaign, titled as â€Å"Find Your Greatness.† This ad campaign featured everyday athletes from around the world. The concept is cleverer in terms of breaking through the advertising blackout of IOC. Only a select few will b e able to find their spot in London Olympics but it does not mean that greatness has been lost from rest of us common people. The level of greatness might not be equal to that of these athletes but most importantly, it exists. The rationale of the campaign is explained by Nike; â€Å"It is not just the championship athlete or record breaker that aspires to push their limits. It is also the everyday athlete, who strives to excel on their own terms, to set and realize personal goals and achieve their own defining moment of greatness. That’s the insight behind Nike’s ‘Find Your Greatness’ campaign, a powerful message to inspire anyone who wants to achieve their own moment of greatness in sport, launched just as the world focuses on the best of the best† (Media News Line, 2012). Evaluation of Campaign The marketing campaign of Nike will be evaluated in two ways. First, a famous marketing model of DAGMAR will be applied in order to determine the steps as mentioned in the framework and as applied by Nike. Second, the evaluation of this campaign will be conducted to determine how potent the campaign has remained in order persuade the audience, which in essence, is the core purpose of marketing campaign. Application of DAGMAR Framework The framework of DAGMAR is useful in order to build awareness of the brand among current and potential customers. The purpose of this model is to alter the buying behavior of customers. DAGMAR is a contraction for â€Å"Defining, Advertising, Goals for Measured Advertising Results.† Ideally, when this model is applied, the target audience moves easily through all the stages of this framework. These stages are based on the common decision-making and cognitive pattern of people when they decide whether to purchase something or not. This model is based on five key stages. These key stages are followed either in a single advert or in a series of advertising

Good and Evil Essay Example for Free

Good and Evil Essay There are many different viewpoints on what is right and wrong and ethically and morally correct. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and Jon Stuart Mill (1806-1873), both considered to be two of the best philosophers of all time, had different views on how one should live the Good Life. John Stuart Mill’s theory was called Utilitarianism and Kant’s theory, the Categorical Imperative. Immanuel Kant believed that it was more important for a person to have moral values than to be intelligent, funny, or to have any other talents or traits of the human mind or body. He believed of course that it was good to have these talents but that â€Å"moral worth† was invaluable. Kant expressed, â€Å"to act morally is to act from no other motive than the motive of doing what is right† (Sommers Sommers, 2010, p. 230). Kant believed that morality was not just about the results or effect of an action but the will behind the action. He believed that our actions must come from a sense of Duty, not because we care for or love one another but because it is our Duty to â€Å"respect the Moral Law† (p. 246). Judging the importance of a decision based on whether or not it was following a rule or set of rules is called deontological ethics. He believed that it was not the consequences of the action which were important but the person’s motive carrying out the said action. Many disagree with Kant saying that we must have a foundation to start from, a reason such as love or concern to do what is morally correct. John Stuart Mill believed that our actions must promote happiness to all involved, not just the person doing the action for it to be morally correct. Mill endorsed the â€Å"principle of utility† thus that actions are correct if they produce happiness and wrong if resulting in the opposite of happiness. Mill’s version of the Golden Rule is â€Å"To do as you would be done by, and to love your neighbor as yourself† (p. 211). Mill defended Utilitarianism saying that the result and consequences of the action, to produce happiness that is, would make the said action correct. This is called the Greatest Happiness Principle. Utilitarianism is not based on the happiness or satisfaction of one individual but of the whole mass or group of people involved, â€Å"the welfare of all citizens† (Rachels Rachels, 2012, p. 101). Casablanca In the movie Casablanca, the main character, Rick Blaine believed in living the Good Life just like John Stuart Mill. He also was concerned with the consequences of action. Rick also seemed to be like Kant in that he had a strong sense of duty professionally. Rick had a duty to himself, which he made clear on many occasions, but also had a duty to his acquaintances and patrons of his cabaret’. Rick made decisions to promote happiness, like Mill, but his decisions were based on selfish reasons. If others were happy he would make more money. Rick could have been considered a Utilitarian because he made decisions many times to put the happiness of the group ahead of the happiness of one individual, hence the second proposition of Classical Utilitarianism; â€Å"An action’s consequences matter only insofar as they involve the greater or lesser happiness of individual’s† (Rachels Rachels, p. 110, para. 1). In the beginning, Rick made the decision to let the police take Ugarte into custody so as not to disrupt the rest of the patrons. He also did it to make himself happy so that he would not have any problems with the authorities, so his establishment would run smoother, and also so he would be able to have the exit visas that Ugarte had given him to hold onto. In the beginning Rick was only concerned with his own happiness and he states this early on when he said, â€Å"I stick my neck out for nobody. † But, as the story progresses it seems that Rick started to make decisions to benefit others, not just him. When a young woman approached him and told him her story of wanting to get to America he rigged the game to benefit her and her husband so that they would have the money to buy their passes. This would benefit both the man and woman, make him appear good, benefit his acquaintance who sold the visas, and in-turn would probably come back to benefit him again. As stated earlier, Kant believed that one should have a moral obligation to do what is right and that it comes from a person’s pure sense of duty not from any emotion. Kant strictly â€Å"denied that emotions could have any foundation for morality† at all and that we should actually â€Å"discipline our feelings by reason† (Betzler, 2008, p. 308). Kant actually believed that it is an obligation and it is required to do what is morally right. This is how Rick appeared to be throughout until he came into contact with his old love, Ilsa. Ilsa seemed to bring out the best in him. When he realized how much he really cared for Ilsa and loved her, he only wanted to see her happy even if it was not with him. In the end he made a decision for the greater good of all involved instead of just himself. He helped Ilsa and her husband leave Casablanca even though he knew he would get into trouble. Rick showed his real sense of moral value when he did this. Another character that also showed his morality was Captain Renault. He helped Rick many times and recognized his good intentions towards others at the end of the movie. It appeared as if Captain Renault was impressed by Rick putting Ilsa and Victor Laszlo first even though it meant he would not have her anymore. Captain Renault covered for Rick in the end so that Rick would not be arrested. Captain Renault also showed that he was looking out for the benefit of the group not just one person when he did this. So, who is to say what makes an action right or wrong? Does the action have to be backed by a sense of duty or should it be driven by love and compassion for others? Is it not only the consequence of the action that matters? If good comes from the action and the action comes from the heart, thus is it not good? Kant believed that â€Å"love and compassion should not be allowed to cooperate in the performance of Duty† (p. 247). Cannot Duty, love, compassion, and friendship work together to make a decision right and justified with the end result being happiness? References Betzler, M. (2008). Kant’s ethics of virtue. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN: 9783110177282 Rachels, J. Rachels, S. (2012). The elements of moral philosophy (7th ed. ). New York, New York: McGraw Hill Sommers, C. H. Sommers, F. (2010). Vice and virtue in everyday life: Introductory reading in ethics (8th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

Sustainable design, solution for global warming

Sustainable design, solution for global warming Abstract The earth belongs to the living. No man may by natural right oblige the lands he owns or occupies, or those that succeed him in that occupation, to debts greater than those that may be paid during his own lifetime. Because if he could, then the world would belong to the dead and not to the living Thomas Jefferson, architect [1] From the quote by Thomas Jefferson, as man-kind started to take all they want from the earth, without control and limitation, the earth slowly starts to die. As the impact of our actions has gotten to a serious stage, people have finally start to ask questions and take actions. How do we prevent this situation from becoming worst? What can we do as part of this earth? Where shall we start? Introduction Everything has a balance, but as the world is evolving towards the next level, the gap between people and the environment has widened, which people took the most of the sector. As the process of developing to a more developed world gains momentum, it will require more energy and wealth, in which this is leading the world to a serious problem lack of materials/energy, meaning as time goes by, and the demand for energy is increasing everyday, every year, the amount of coal is getting lesser, and at the same time, more pollution is being produced. The temperature of the atmosphere is rising rapidly, due to the large amounts of carbon dioxide being produced, and the continuation of deforestation despite worldwide pleas to stop it. All these factors, lead to global warming (green house effect). We all know about these consequences, but very little effort is being put in to resolve this dire situation. We have the fate of planet earth in our hands, and time is running out before our actio ns are irreversible. In the modern world-today As human population expands into the natural landscape, the relationship between the land and ownership of it becomes a source of conflict. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide produced from different areas has increased significantly, since the speed that the plants absorbs these gases are way too slow, and these existed gases will be circulating within the atmosphere, unable to escape. Changes in climate, increase of natural disasters, such as tornados and droughts. Increased chances of getting skin cancer, large changes in temperature in different countries, the melting problems in South Pole and North Pole, etc. With the melting problems surfacing the north and South Pole, majority of our lands will eventually be fully submerged in water, disrupting the lives of many. As the situation begins to get worst, the more it will affect the ecosystem, as animals start to migrate to avoid the large changes in temperature, and more animals are facing extinction, polar bears, penguins, etc. However, people have started to pay more attention to it, and they have come out with the solution to maintain balance and to reduce the damage done to the environment sustainability. It might not be the best solution in such a short time, but the results will eventually show in the future. The definition of sustainability can be complex in theory, but we can take it as the capacity of our endurance. How does this actually solve the problem? Using lesser harmful material, recycling them and using renewable energy, such as solar, hydroelectric and etc. Producing things that can last the test of time and also require less energy. That means, lesser things will be thrown away, and at the same time, it reduces the damage done to the environment. In the design field These environment issues have brought sustainable solutions into the design field, since people are now more concerned about it, and most of the power plants generate electricity to operate buildings. Therefore, designers know that buildings can be designed to operate with less than half of the energy todays average building at little or no additional cost. This means that lesser carbon dioxide will be produced. In any endeavor, good design resides in two principles. First, the changes the least number of elements to achieve the greatest result. Second, it removes stress from a system rather than adding it Pail Hawkin, the ecology of commerce [2]. Sustainable design refers to solutions that are not only environmentally, but also, economically, and socially friendly. The combination of natural energy and functions of the design make it something that endures and is cherished. Sustainable design adds to the quality of the environment, to clean air, to water, to renewing and protecting life all by designing the connections to what is there. Designing is the linkage and a language that connects humans to the environment. Good design will enhance value to the relation, and on the other hand, bad design, brings nothing but damage. Case studies Konami Nasu Seminar House This seminar house is located on a mid-slope of Mount Nasu where everyone can enjoy the beautiful sceneries of sunrise and sunset among the surrounding mountains. And by half-embedding the building along the undulation of the ground, the design succeeded in conserving the surrounding context and at the same time offering amazing views from all the rooms arranged on the south slope. The glazed corridor with top lights connecting to all different rooms and organically is indeed acting here as a corridor for people as well as light and wind. It also minimized the fossil fuel consumption by fully utilizing natural ventilation, natural lighting, stored energy, and solar heating. A human place that connects the sky and earth is created here where the user can sense the earths silent power. More to the detail, the seminar house, located halfway up the Nasu range, was designed in a way that responds with the surrounding environment. The lounge, restaurant and other public spaces are located on the second floor of the west faà §ade. Glass walls were used in these areas, which give a impressive views of the Nasu peaks. The training department and playrooms are located on the floor below. Guestrooms, bath and toilet facilities and other private areas are planned in the east wing, on the first and second floors. The guest quarters are deliberately positioned at ground level along the south wall to provide an expansive view of the foothills of the Nasu highlands. The water supply for bathrooms in the residential wing is heated by the solar power using vacuum tube type heat collectors. The sun also provides heat for other grey water uses. The solar power reduces the usage of the energy used by 46%. The way of the faà §ade and air ventilation were designed and planned, was the way I am looking for which can be applied into the design, engaging with the environment by playing with the reflection and different placement of the spaces to get the best effect of the energy saving, without demolished the context of the environment. Orquideorama Plan B architects + JPRCR Architects The Orquideorama is located inside the Medellin Botanical Garden, which shows an expanding wooden meshwork of modular flower-tree forms that branches out through the central of the garden. After the designers had study on the structure and the scale of this project, from the micro and macro views of it. The Architects Felipe Mesa and Alexander Bernal, came out the idea of making the Orquideorama to grow and evolve just like a plant does. Hence, they used one flor-à ¡rbol (meaning a tree-like plant with thick woody stems) to connect with each other, with the total of 14 pieces in 1. Which lead them to construct the installation of this flor-à ¡rbol structure into an interlocking series, beside that they also planned them in a variety in functions, including the flower gardens, butterfly reserves and event hall. Fittingly, this repetitious kind of cellular weave forms, they got this inspiration from the honeycomb. An overview of this design, the Orquideorama represents as a symbol or a display of the relationship between the architecture and the living organisms. Understand the context of the environment, and the project, hence, taking what they have and by adding value to the design, other than, breaking the relation between the environment and the architecture. In this case, the designers make use of the natural element as they were inspired by the honeycomb. The bees corporate each other and interact within the honeycomb, and that is how the designers wanted people in the spaces to react. Applying the inspirations and concept into the space The whole idea of taking the word convergence as the concept is that, as we know that Singapore itself does not have an own identity, it has always been known as a multi-culture country, but as the time goes by, multi-culture seems to become its identity. During the 18th century, Singapore was a fishing village, and slowly it developed into a transition port for world-wide trading, even to this day. From the world trading shipping routes, it can be clearly shown that almost all the routes were going towards the small island Singapore for refill, or trade-convergence into one point. Within this island, it might look small in capacity, but the relations between the people in different culture are endless and in abundance. That makes Singapore truly unique in comparison with other countries. The chosen site, Asian Civilization Museum, which is located opposite Boat Quay, the exciting building was an on old building built in the 1860s. As the world constantly develops, the building itself was a conserved building, and has remained relatively untouched over the years. However, making use of this advantage, a contrast between the building can be created by covering some portions of the existing building with glass without damaging the context of the environment and the museum. It also creates an invisible linkage between the environments visually and from the psychology point of view, the faà §ade itself does not give any pressure to the users, and yet, it enhances the value of ACM. It also saves energy used within the building, since most of the area can be lighted up during daytime, and producing a dim atmosphere during the night time. On the other hand, this has come to a step closer in relationship between the human and nature. The light will be shining through the faà §ade and diffusing into the dining area and the exciting windows, in which we take a closer look at the direction of these natural light, it will be leading the view of the users to the bar area, which is the convergence point of the restaurant. The whole design, started from the extension faà §ade to the central bar, the different leveling gives the clients a feeling of merging towards the bar area. In a psychology of view, people will be attracted passively to go downwards. Taking the bar area as the central point, it branches out through different angles to form different spaces. However, within the spaces, the bar was designed into a circular platform, in which the other spaces was designed angular, as it creates a contrast, through experience and visually. Beyond, the bar, it has a small performing stage for musician to do live performances. For the space planning in this project is by elaborating the central point, in this case it is the bar area, which branches out, through different angles to create comforting and meaningful spaces. For example, the extension on the second mezzanine level, the Asian Civilization Museum building, as mentioned above is a historical structure-converse building, destroying the original faà §ade and creating new ones is impossible, therefore, these extensions that branch out from the central point, they extend through the original windows and doors and form a space for people to dine outside the building. This actually creates an interaction between the old and the new structure , meaning the building itself and the extension fade, beside those, this also brings the users to new dining experiences, since the extension has brought the relationship between people, building, and nature to a closer level. The circulation is an important factor that will affect the impression of clients. Therefore, bringing the concept convergence into the circulation and merging them. The staircase located at the first storey window-side which leads people to the mezzanine above. This circulation will be surrounded mainly around the bar, so the user can have different experiences during their journey to their desired destination. Back to the central point of the design, the mezzanine that is surrounded above the bar area was designed and separated into two main areas, semi-public and private. The semi-public areas are for people who would like to spend their time to enjoy the music while they are having dining and chit-chatting with a group of friends. On the other hand, the private areas, known as the VIP rooms, there are only two VIP within the restaurant, the view and impact of the live performance for these two VIP rooms will bring the best enjoyment. Conclusion The world is developing way too fast, and our planet earth can not keep up. As this situation worsens, we will be the one facing extinction and suffering in the long run. Therefore, to prevent this from happening, sustainable design should be encouraged more in a way that people will appreciate the environment. To maintain the balance between human and the environment, just like the architect Glenn Murcutt said, Follow the sun. observe the wind. Watch the flow of water. Use simple materials. Touch the earth lightly.[3], the future can be shaped by our hands. The fate of planet earth lies in our hands, and unless we make significant steps to protect the environment now, all will be too late. Reference Green architecture, Design for a sustainable future. Brenda and Robert Vale. Published in 1991 by Thames and Hudson Ltd, London. [1],[2],[3]Sustainable design Ecology Architecture and planning , Williams, Daniel E. published in 2007 by John Wiley Sons Inc. , Hoboken, New Jersey Toward a new regionalism, Environment Architecture in the pacific Northwest. Miller, David E. Published in 2005 by the university of Washington Architecture Publications Fund Sustainable architecture in Japan, the green buildings of Nikken Sekkei, Anna Ray-Jones, published in Great Britain in 2000 by John Wiley Sons Inc. Modern Sustainablity Residential Design, William J. Carpenter,PhD, FAIA, published in 2009 by John Wiley Sons Inc. (pic.1 ) http://photo.zhulong.com/proj/detail.asp?id=14011 (pic.2) ,(pic.3) Sustainable architecture in Japan, the green buildings of Nikken Sekkei, Anna Ray-Jones, published in Great Britain in 2000 by John Wiley Sons Inc. (pic.4) http://www.archdaily.com/832/orquideorama-plan-b-architects-jprcr-architects/sergio-gomez-4/ (pic.5) http://www.archdaily.com/832/orquideorama-plan-b-architects-jprcr-architects/localizacion/

Roles and Responsibilities of a PE Teacher

Roles and Responsibilities of a PE Teacher QCA (2007) states that a range of activities is needed to be carried out in schools for pupils to become physically active learning new skills that will help with their personal development. It is important for students to understand skills and decision making and understanding how to improve. It is important to be educated in physical activity at a young age in order to carry on with a healthy life-style. Physical Education is not just important in the curriculum for sport it has social benefits too as working together in different roles prepares pupils for future careers. Secondary Physical Education teachers are at the heart of providing the foundations to deliver a good curriculum due to teaching in their own secondary school and also their partnered primary schools as there is a shortage of specialist PE teachers in primary schools (Green, 2008). The Every Child Matters model states that there are five elements that every child has the right to experience. stay safe, be healthy, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being (The Association for Physical Education, 2008) schools throughout the country have a different intake of pupils with different needs whilst critiquing the national curriculum Green (2000) suggests that the National Curriculum does not account for what type of school and which pupils would be in your class therefore planning is highly important of every single PE lesson. Teacher have to be fully inclusive to provide for a wide range of abilities in their class, planning is of the upmost importance to provide a fully inclusive lesson (Block, 2002) Every Child Matters and this should be at the very centre of all planning and at the forefront of every Physical Education teachers minds (The Association for Physical Education, 2008). Planning is paramount and is an important responsibility of any teacher because they must gain an understanding of what will actually occur during a lesson (Macfadyen and Bailey, 2002). However, it is argued that unforeseeable situations arise during physical education lessons therefore a teacher needs to have the skills to think on the spot this is gained through experience (Green, 2008). This statement was supported by Macfadyen (2010) stating that planning in too much depth takes away an important teaching skill of improvisation. It is important to understand that planning provides an inclusive curriculum, without planning and differentiation this would simply not happen (Johnson, 2007). Teachers have to have the skill and be responsible for fully inclusive provision for a wide range of abilities in their class planning is of the upmost importance to provide this; however, it has been suggested that physical education teachers often lack the ability to adapt tasks to include SEN s tudents (Block, 2002). This may be through a lack of experience as only in recent years many pupils with disabilities have been moving into mainstream schools and it is the duty of a PE teacher to provide equal opportunities for all participants (Fitzgerald, 2006 cited Green, 2008:187). This is supported by Lieberman and Huston-Wilson, (2002) who state that 93 percent of SEN children are based in mainstream schools. As teachers of PE we have to plan SEN pupils personnel and equipment. It has become apparent that some teachers in this country are not providing a fully inclusive curriculum with regards to SEN students (Block, 2002). In relation to the increase of SEN students in mainstream schools statistics from National Centre for Educational Statistics (2005) states that in the last 30 years EAL students have increased in our schools by 161% (cited Causton-Theoharis et al., 2008: 382). Many EAL students have different cultures and attitudes toward PE that may prevent them from performing. It is therefore the responsibility of the P.E teacher to plan strategies and use communication skills to include EAL students. Another consideration for all teachers is providing for Gifted and Talented students. First the PE teacher needs the skill to identify a gifted student and then ways in which they can be kept engaged during lessons and promote them to elite sporting success (Bailey Morley, 2010). Even though it is positive that certain students with additional needs are catered for by preplanning there tends to be a negative effect on the majority of students in the class. This is because our attention as a teacher gets focused predominantly on the students with the additional needs (Causton-Theoharis, 2008). Planning and risk assessment co-inside with one another in order provide a safe place to work (Macfadyen, 2010). Physical education teachers show high skills when risk assessment becomes routine practice (Shewry, 2008 cited Whitlam, 2010:173). PE teachers must see an event such as injury and danger before it takes place, furthermore physical education teachers must have the skills to prevent a risk without impeding on the students learning (Whitlam, 2010). When pupils take part in practical Physical Education the environment should be safe to exercise and the activity should be carried out safely (Whitlam, 2010). With relation to the National Curriculum this provides students with the underlying knowledge to carry safe and effective exercise on their own away from the classroom (QCA, 2007). An expected role of all teachers is that they are required to be reflective practitioners and evaluate on their own teaching and the learning of pupils as a means of ensuring the intended outcomes are met (Causton-Theoharis, 2008). In order to develop and deliver a curriculum that allows for all pupils to be included and make progress, it is the responsibility of the teacher to examine the needs of the pupils in their class and to adapt their lessons accordingly (Armour, 2010). The teachers with the most success are those who take it as their responsibility to act upon what happened during their class by using reflective strategies. The characteristics of the pupils could not be blamed such as behaviour due to home-life part by the way in which the teacher handles the class reflecting will improve the learning experience and curriculum delivery (James et al., 2007). Furthermore without reflective practice teacher will not gain experience to get across better teaching of the national curriculum (Keay, 2006). Upon critiquing the National Curriculum, reflection is a very important responsibility of the PE teacher, as the teacher is still a learner. The National Curriculum states that evaluating and improving is a key process (QCA, 2007). All people should be able to analyse, evaluate and improve therefore teachers should demonstrate this to. Assessments are a means of obtaining information to find out what level students have achieved. PE teachers need to have analysis skills such as observation to carry this out (Green, 2008). It is an ongoing and never ending process that PE teacher need to continuously develop throughout their career (Casbon and Spackman, 2005). There are two forms of assessment; summative and formative (Green, 2008). The debate has risen in resent modern day Physical Education arguing that teachers should move away from assessment of learning (summative) to assessment for learning (formative) this is because it gives to students a chance to act to improve (Frapewell, 2010). The role of a PE teacher has no difference from any other subject on the National Curriculum with regards to assessment and of high importance to Physical Education (Green, 2008). Assessment for learning has shown that students are given better direction in knowing how to improve, however, the national curriculum within PE lessons does not cater for SEN pupils as teachers are not skilled enough to grade the pupils with SEN on the attainment target criteria (Smith and Green, 2004). This is supported by Lieberman Houston-Wilson (2002) who state that PE teachers need to get speciaist advice from an adapted PE specalist before grading pupils, this therefore demonstrates a weakness in the national curriculum. Frapwell (2010) demonstrates that one important skill needed for PE teachers is that of feedback which is communicating accurate analysis. Blankenship (2008) states this will ultimately help pupils understand what they need to achieve and how they need to act to achieve the outcome (QCA, 2007). Teachers should encourage peer assessment as the national curriculum states that pupils should be able to analyse performance and identify strengths and weaknesses (QCA, 2007). Therefore it is the role of a PE teacher to provide pupils with the skills necessary for them to peer assess. One theory that suggests positive and negative aspects of peer assessment is the competence motivational theory (Harter, 1981 cited Blankenship, 2008:153) which states that feedback from a peer significantly affects the pupils perceived competence. If the peer praises perceived competence will rise, if the pupil is criticised or ignored perceived competence will full. Due to the advance of modern day technology and its affordability, the national curriculum has introduced ICT in the past ten year (Taylor, 2009). However it is debated that ICT should be a cross-curricular subject taught within other subjects as the 21st century world is dependent on it (Becta, 2003 cited Taylor, 2009:147). The National Curriculum for PE is inclusive of ICT as a way of improving performance (QCA, 2007). The use of ICT is also beneficial for pupils finding a role that best suits them in sport besides performing as well as evaluation of performance (QCA, 2007) this can be done by using player cam. As ICT is part of the National Curriculum, it is stated that PE teachers of modern education need to be ICT literate and have the skills and knowledge to use technology within their Physical Education lessons (Taylor, 2009). It was concluded by Bailey (2001) that ICT is awkward to use in PE lesson without careful planning and therefore the planning will allow for teachers to pick up the skills which they need. As a Physical Education teacher you gain further knowledge by participating in sport yourself to improve skills and be responsible to obtain help from coaches and instructors that are more experienced especially in sports and activities the teacher is weak in and take their knowledge into your physical teaching practice. (Carle, 2010) This can help provide good teaching of the national curriculum as pupils have a chance of experiencing a range of activities giving them a greater chance to see what type of activity best suits them. If the teacher understands the sporting technique then pupils are able to refine their own (QCA, 2007). Teachers however, do not have a full understanding of the subject but must act with the best interests of their students (Armour, 2010). Bailey (2001) takes this idea one step further by stating teachers are forever developing subject knowledge, subject knowledge is not the most important skill having the ability to plan is the key to successful teaching. Whilst delivering and planning for a Physical Education lesson Grossman (1990) suggests teachers need to understand four categories before teaching. They need to have an understanding of the topic, students understanding and performing in PE, how it relates the national curriculum and finally the strategies in which they can deliver the topic. However this was criticised by Green (2008) who stated that gaining experience of the teacher is more important. One important knowledge skill of a PE teacher is health knowledge that is to be able to deliver to pupils within the school setting and applied. This knowledge must be up to date, accurate and not hyped up by the media (Armour, 2010). Schools are the first place that The Government can educate and promote Public Health and Physical Education Curriculum is seen to be an ideal place to start (Allensworth et al. 1997). This is supported by Sallis and McKenzie (1991) stating school physical education is seen as an ideal site for the promotion of regular physical activity. Moreover this is because schools already have a captive audience in the pupils Physical Education teacher have the responsibility to provide free of charge opportunities to educate children in health issues (Fox, 1992). One modern problem the nation faces and is the responsibility of PE teachers to tackle is obesity, physical education teacher can play in the treatment of obesity at school (Ward and Bar-Or, 1986) The primary role of physical education is to develop the need for lifelong physical activity (NASPE, 2004: cited Blankenship, 2008:300). This was supported by Shephard and Trudeau (2000) as they consider the most important goal of PE is the long-term health of students. Health related exercise the area of the curriculum which includes the teaching of knowledge, understanding, physical competence and behavioural skills, this is aimed for pupils to understand and create a desire to carry out a healthy life style and be confident to continue participation in physical activity (Harris, 2000). Health related teaching is now an established and statutory component of the National Curriculum for PE in England this there for states it is a legal responsibility of a PE teacher (Carle, 2000). Furthermore, if teachers have the skills to create a positive impact on their pupil during lessons then life-long participation maybe created (Carle, 2000). The Social Learning theory by Bandura (1978) states that students model the behaviour of their teachers and copy reinforced behaviours social learning theory by Bandura (1978). Role modelling as a PE teacher is seen to be an essential skill for PE teachers to attract pupils to participate in life-long physical activity, this is supported by Hopper (2005) shows that primary school teachers tend to push pupils away from Physical Education however secondary school teachers have the specialist personal qualities to deliver the curriculum. The discussion continues Green (2008) stating that showing their love and passion for sport will attract children to continue sport, this applies to a national curriculum aim. In opposition having a love of the sport is not enough teachers need to gain the respect of the students building confidence, social skills, and self-esteem by role modelling in this way students will be more willing to access the curriculum opportunities (Comer 1988). One problem PE teachers experience is communication and therefore becoming friendly with the pupils this leads to discipline issues rather than positive role modelling (Bailey, 2001). This was supported Larson (2006) stating a number of personal qualities have also been associated with it teacher such as enthusiasm, sense of humour, approachability, patience, impartiality, open-mindedness, empathy, ability to be a good communicator and organiser and also be caring towards pupils. A good way in which PE teachers create inter-personal relationships is through extra-curricular clubs (Bailey, 2001). one responsibility of the PE teacher is to provide extracurricular clubs by providing the opportunity before school at lunchtimes and after-school (Green, 2008) the national curriculum states that people should be given the opportunity to participate in and beyond school (QCA, 2007) Physical Education has a place within schools as it is a way in which social cohesion can be brought about as we see the behaviour of pupils improving within the School and social community (Armour, 2010). Furthermore the study by Green (2000) states that a role of the PE teacher it is to promote the social skills during their lessons. Green (2000) suggests this is an unwritten part of the national curriculum however open to critiquing the national curriculum in our state that social well-being is an important outcome of physical education. To conclude it has come apparent that planning is the fundamentals that underpin all the roles and responsibilities of a PE teacher. However reflection is a key responsibility so teachers are able to plan and improve their delivery of the national curriculum. It has become clear from the research highlighted that the main role of Physical education in the nation curriculum is to provide a healthy life style which pupils can use in their adult life and to promote social well being for pupils to become good citizens.

We Need Stronger Child Support Laws Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasive

The amount of child support cases in arrears would decline if a few things were changed, hopefully providing incentives to pay child support on time and regularly. There are also harsher consequences that could be carried out to prevent future mistakes. There are things being done, but is it enough? As it stands the noncustodial parent can face loss of visitation, probation, and even jail time for none payment of child support. By not enforcing court ordered child support and making examples out of those who are not in compliance, we are sending out a message that child support is more of an option than a legal obligation. Think about the ones who are really suffering here, the children involved. There are many low-income families who are not receiving court ordered child support simply because they cannot afford the legal representation and court costs to fight for what they are legally entitled to. What should be done to start helping in these cases? The Office of the Attorney General Child Support Division is set up to help parents locate non-custodial parents who have not paid their child support. This is a free service; they also help provide the custodial parent with information regarding government programs including: Medicaid, TANIF, Food Stamps, and WIC. They can help you get health insurance if the non-custodial parent is not covering those expenses. The government help is easy to obtain only requiring information that would be easily obtained like proof of income, household members, SSN, expenses, and other personnel information. Once you have filed a case with them they will send paperwork to fill out, this will consist of; the noncustodial parents full legal name , last known address, last known telephone number,... ...e best interest of their children. It’s not the amount of child support that is being paid that is important while you are doing the best you can for your children and supporting them the best way you can. Enforcing child support and having greater punishments are not just to make the nonpaying parents lives more difficult but to ensure a better life for their children. Works Cited (Texas Child Support Enforcement Resource Center, 2011) Retrieved from http://www.supportcollectors.com/resources_texas.php#stats (Huffington Post UK, 2011) Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/09/02/child-support-dodgers-mos_n_946102.html#s348352&title=Ive_Become_A (Texas' child support collection data presents varied picture, 2010) Retrieved from http://www.txcn.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/texassouthwest/legislature/stories/080310dntexnuchild.2b72be0.html

Dutch and Belgium Organ Donation Acts Essay -- essays research papers

Assignment III-B: Dutch and Belgium Organ Donation Acts. In Belgium there is a different post mortem organ donation law than in The Netherlands, although they both have the same main purpose: they seek to increase the supply of donors. In Belgium it is presumed that each citizen has consented to the harvest of organs following death unless an objection to such a harvest was recorded, an opt-out system. Belgium combines presumed consent with a practice of inquiring into the wishes of the next of kin. One advantage of presumed consent is that there is no need to refer to drivers’ licenses or donor cards, which may not be carried at the relevant time. Another is that distraught family members do not need to make a positive decision to approve harvest. The patient has been able to record their objection, if any, during their lifetime, so the decision to do so will have rested with them and doctors are spared the difficult task of asking for consent. The decision whether or not to object was that of the patient made in a reasoned manner and cannot be overturned by family (1). In The Netherlands each citizen is given the opportunity to indicate whether or not they are willing to donate their organs in the event of their death, or whether they would prefer to leave the decision to their relatives, a full decision system. General consent may be given for the removal of organs and tissues, or one may withhold consent in relation to certain parts of the body. The Organ Donation Ac...