Brain Transplant: An End to Parkinsonism? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Modern Day Brain Transplant:An End to Parkinsonism or the Beginning of a Greater Debate? It sometimes begins with a feeling of lethargy, being "down in the dumps," or shakiness (1). Maybe it begins with a twitch of the pinky finger that was not there before. Speech becomes more difficult and softer to the level of a whisper; this is often accompanied by irritability. Movements become rigid, unsteady and slow (2). A tremor develops, with trembling of the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face. Later, walking is often only accomplished through short and shuffling steps, intermixed with a loss of balance and instability (3). These symptoms usually progress until the person is incapacitated and unable to do simple tasks such as brushing their teeth, buttoning clothing, or turning newspaper pages (1). This is a description of a person living with Parkinson's disease. According to the Parkinson's Disease Foundation, there are one million people living with Parkinson's nationwide (1). Several public figures have also revealed their private struggles with Parkinson's including Michael J. Fox, Muhammad Ali, Janet Reno and Billy Graham (1). As evidenced by the names listed, Parkinson's strikes an array of people, it is generally a late onset disorder, however, in some cases, such as with Michael J. Fox, Parkinson's has a "young onset". Parkinson's disease is a disorder that results from the depletion of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The basal ganglia is the part of the brain responsible for movement. When 80% of the dopamine-secreting cells in a specific part of the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra, are lost Parkinson's symptoms develop (4). The cause for the neuropathology of Parkinson's is still unknown. Two possible causes of Parkinson's that have been researched include environmental factors such as toxins and defective genes (5). Treatments for the disease vary widely. The standard treatment is to prescribe levodopa (L-dopa) (4), the precursor of dopamine to patients. This is given because dopamine itself does not cross the blood-brain barrier. The levodopa is converted to dopamine inside the brain and is effective in improving the severity of symptoms dramatically. Unfortunately, long-term usage of levodopa causes a myriad of side effects, such as head bobbing, grimacing, abnormal movements of the trunk and limbs (2). With time, the side effects of levodopa become more dramatic than the original Parkinson's and the thus outweigh the benefits of giving the drug. Other treatments include a brain "pacemaker," deep brain stimulation with electrodes, and pallidotomy (destroying a portion of the globus pallidus in the brain).

Educational Opportunities for Class 10th Students Essay

1. 0 Introduction As soon as a young child comes out of school finds self at cross roads. He is confronted with the problem of choosing career whether in Engneering, Medical, Non medical, paramedical, vocational, Humanities. This unit will provide you overall view of educational opportunities after 10th & 12th standard , Internship, Apprenticeship to excel in professional front. You will also become familiar with scholarships- like NTS,KVPY,UGC & others available at various stages of education for meritorious students. This unit helps you to know websites that gives information regarding higher education , entrance examinations. Objectives: After reading this module the teacher will able to : †¢ Make the students aware about the need of educational planning. †¢ Explain the students about various educational opportunities after 10th & +2 education. †¢ Help students in exploring various sources of higher education & Scholarships. †¢ Ways of disseminating the educational information to students 1. 1 Needs For Educational Planning â€Å"India is suffering from massive shortage of skilled manpower†- This was the News headline of a leading National Daily in July 2011. It is the matter of quality & not quantity of Manpower. As on today, the population of India is 1. 21 billion and half of the population is below 18 years of age. And responsibility lies with policy makers, administrators, educators, career counselors, teachers,& parents to channelize the energy of these youths & convert them into skilled human resource And it is the â€Å"Education† that determines the level of prosperity, Welfare & security of its citizens. Combined efforts of educators, teachers, career counselors and of course parents to bring awareness among students in an effort to make most realistic choice of courses of higher education depending upon his/her interest, aptitude, ability & financial background. 1. 2 Educational opportunities after10th standard:- Generally . We know that you are already aware about the three streams that you can choose from after Class 10 – Science, Humanities and commerce here you have to pursue your education for 2 years to become eligible for your graduation level academics.. Science Arts Commerce Includes study ofsubjects like Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Biology Includes study of subjects like Geography, Philosophy, History, Sociology, and Political Science Includes study of subjects like Accounting, Tax, Business Economics and Finance. You need to have good grades in Class 10 and equally good marks in Mathematics to secure a seat in 10+2 Average grades in Class 10 can help you seek admission in the Humanities stream in 10+2 Need good grades after Class 10 and also in Class 12 to pursue higher education in commerce Appear for competitive exams and start a professional career like engineering or medicine Less scope of joining a professional career and have to pursue a Bachelor’s degree. However, one can always a vocational course or pursue his or her interests simultaneously Start a professional career by  registering for CA foundation course You can make a shift to other streams Commerce or Arts after Class 12 You cannot make a shift to other streams like Science or Commerce after Class 12 You cannot appear for engineering or medical streams or change to sciencestream after Class 12. However, you can shift to Arts after Class 12. One can pursue 3 years diploma course either in engineering or Non engineering stream. Nearly there are 190 diploma courses. From Aviation, automobile, biomedical ,ceramic technology, dress making,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦to textile engineering, web designing,X-ray technician. ( From A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Z) Those who can’t afford expensive training and who can’t get chance to pursue higher education and those who are having inclination towards technical education & most important those who want to earn at an early age can opt for Industrial Training Institute. – ITI’s . Earlier there were traditional courses like Fitter, Welder, Turner but in the present scenario there is immense demand for trades like-COE ( Center of Excellence),Laser technology, hospital mangament, retail management. After completing basic ITI one can opt-advance training course (CTS/POT) & become eligible to work as an instructor in Govt ITI. Even one can opt for JOC- Job Oriented Course after that he/she can start self-employment. 1. 3 Educational opportunities after 12th standard:-For science stream students they pursue career in Engineering, Medicine/Medical, paramedical, Health care, Information Science, Veterinary science, Genetics, Forensic Science, Fishery, Dairy Technology, Oceanography, Biological Science, Meteorology, Bioinformatics, speech Therapists, Space Technology, Nanotechnology & so many specialized fields. Even students choose R& D-Research and Development of the concerned field.For Careers in Humanities-there are Anthropology, Archeology, Geography, Fine Arts, Journalism, Library Science, Psychology, Psephology, Research Assistant, Sociology, Teaching at all level-nursary, primary secondary, senior secondary, & even+2 students .Career in NGO.Careers in Commerce- Accounting, Banking, Economics, CA,CS,ICWA, Stock Broking, Mathematics & StatasticsCareers in Designing-Gemology, Interior, Fashion, Jewellary Designing & Visual Merchandising. Careers in Management- Management comes every where-From Business to sales to HR to Rural , Event management, IT Management, Logostics to Export ManegementCareers in Defense Service- Indian Army, Navy, Air Force, By appearing NDA & NA Entrance Exam conducted by UPSC, Coast Guards, Corps Of Engineer, Paramilitary Services.Careers in Mass Communication- Advertising, Disc Jocky, Radio Jocky, Video Jocky, Public Relation, Video Editing, publishing & Printing. Even after pursuing their graduation students can opt career in Civil Services-Competitive Exams conducted by Union Public Service CommisionCompetitive Exams conducted by State Public Service CommisionCompetitive Exams conducted by Staff Selection CommisionIndian Economic/Stastical Service ExaminationIndian Geologist Service ExaminationCombined Defence Service ExaminationExams conducted by Indian RailwaysBanking Exams- both clerical & Officer Cadre. COMMON WRITTEN EXAMS- Conducted by IBPS- Institite Of Banking & Personal Selection. 1. 4 NIOS-National Institute for Open Schooling: It provides elementary education at 3 levels for school drop outs, neoliterates,& out of school learners through Accredited Agencies. Open schooling and basic education at a distance have got established, in the last two decades, as strong systemic intervention mechanisms to cater to the quality educational needs of millions of deprived people, with very low cost.Secondary Level-Children below 14 years of age & Adults above 14 years of age.Higher Secondary Level.Vocational courses. 1. 5 Scholarships opportunities For Students Scholarships are available for meritorious students & to those who belong to economically weaker section. Even Scholarships are available for scheduled caste & scheduled Tribes & Other Back word community students. Prime Minister’s 15 point program provides better facilities,& free coaching for higher studies for Minority community students. Scholarships are available at various levels of education at secondary level, under graduates, post graduates, post doctoral research.NTS- National Talent Search Scholarship. (For 10th onwords) till your graduation & onKVPY-Kishore Vaignanik Protsahan Yojana (For 11th & 12th Students) & onwordsPost Matric Scholarship for OBC’sPost Matric Scholarship for studies in Hindi from Non Hindi Speaking States.PG scholarships for professional courses for SC & ST studentsPG Indira Gandhi scholarship scheme for single girl child.Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship For SC/ST StudentsJRF & SRFPost Doctoral Fellowship For Women CandidatesDr. S Radhakrishnan Post Doctoral Fellowship 1. 6 Sources Of Educational opportunities- †¢ News paper supplement of all Leading news papers like, The Hindu, Deccan. Herald, The Times Of India, Indian Express & even regional news papers carry updated information in the current trends in education & higher studies every week. †¢ Surfing to Internet- at various social sites, Reading the Blogs written by well known educators & career counselors. †¢ Emplyment News in English & Rojgar Samachar in Hindi †¢ By viewing channels like-EDusat, Gynan Darshan, UGC,IGNOU Channels broadcasting educational updates, IGNOU’s Audio video catalogue †¢ University Career Bulletin †¢ Local District Employment Exchange. †¢ University Employment Information & Guidance Bureau. at the jurisdiction of concerned University. †¢ District Central Library 1. 7 Address of Websites related to higher education, Apprenticeship, Internships & training www. ignou. ac. in www. education. nic. in www. ncert. nic. in www. employmentnews. gov. in www. aiuweb. org www. dget. nic. in www. ugc. ac. in www. aicte. ernet. in www. iamrindia. com www. davp. nic. in www. upsc. gov. in www. nbtindia. org. in www. webindia123. com www. career360. com WWW. shiksha. com www. meritnation. com www. upsc. gov. in www. careers. icbse. com www. indiastudychannel. com www. goiit. com www. highereducationinindia. com www. indiaeducation. net Tanuja Rampure, Shimoga (Karnataka), India.

Re-Direct the River - 1347 Words

The huge stands crammed with seething humanity seemed to be leaning over, dwarfing the stage in the centre of the rugby field. Whistles and clapping and stomping and happy noise raged on and on as the entire stadium, alive with this gawking, squawking, moving mass of people welcomed CC. Coming free of her hug with Dorothy with a brief smile of appreciation and the deafening noise reverberating all around her, CC turns towards the mike, waiting for the applause to die down. It does not. Instead it rages on and on. The look on her face is a mixture of appreciation and modesty. Standing there with an almost childlike innocence, a nervous smile twitches the ends of her mouth. Completely unprepared for a welcome such as this, she blushes, not knowing quite how to deal with the awkwardness she feels or where to look, so she looks into the camera in front of her, large, soft grey eyes pools of gratitude. Eventually the applause does die down and with a slight bow she smiles her thanks. It rings through her mind, ‘It’s here†¦ at last†¦ so help me God.† Taking a deep breath it feels all wrong as she says quietly into the mike, â€Å"Phweeuw! Is it O.K. for a simple government minister to feel like a pop star?† They scream, â€Å"CCeeeeeeeeeee!† Her awkward little-girl giggle does little to hide her tenseness. Then she pushes on; there is a schedule to be adhered to. â€Å"You are very kind. Thank you. Madam MC, Honourable ministers, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, all those outside theShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Underground Hydrological Cycle Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesand understood, underground runoff. We have all seen rainwater rushing along the surface on its way to the closest river to be transported back to the ocean. Movement of underground water is far slower and less easy to observe. Figure 1 will give you some clues. 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The Trap Of Eternal Love - 1632 Words

The Trap of Eternal Love The taste of poison on his lips. The agony of knowledge that should have never been shared. Jhumpa Lahiri’s â€Å"A Temporary Matter† and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† both speak to the most universal human theme, love, by exploring how we often hurt most those we love most. In order to keep her love forever, Miss Emily poisons her lover. In realization of the end of their marriage, Shukumar retributes his wife’s disclosure of her new, individual apartment with a description of their unborn son, something Shoba never wanted to know. In both short stories, the characters love, or loved, each other, yet something corrupts their love and their relationship, be it the psychological and sociological repercussions of†¦show more content†¦Shoba â€Å"took his [Shukumar’s] hand and pressed it† at one point (Lahiri, 18), while Shukumar commented that â€Å"they were able to talk to each other again.† (Lahiri, 19). O n the final nights, â€Å"he began kissing her awkwardly on her forehead and her face,† and they made â€Å"love with a desperation they had forgotten.† (Lahiri, 19). Even the act of sharing their deepest untold secrets is in part a desperate last measure by two people who once loved each other to reestablish their relationship after a significant trauma. All these acts are heavily romantic, evoking other images of love, yet the last three already hint at the eventual destruction of their marriage. While he does kiss her, potentially for the first meaningful time in a long while, he does so â€Å"awkwardly.† The kiss is not natural, thus showing their relationship still has issues to overcome before they resume their previous intimacy. Additionally, they made love with â€Å"a desperation,† which could be interpreted as them merely resuming a previously dead sexual life, or a subtle implication that they know this will be the last time they make love. Fin ally, the sharing of secrets serves the double function of providing a manner through which to reconnect and the potential for the sharing of destructive secrets. By simultaneously offering a potential rekindling and an imminent destruction of their relationship, Lahiri demonstrates the love that had

The Church Of Jesus Christ - 995 Words

Mormonism The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, as the Mormon Church is properly known, was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, Jr. Mormons assert that Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith in 1820 with the express purpose of restoring His Church and gospel in its purity and fullness to the earth. The Mormon Church uses two sources as its primary authorities: the Book of Mormon and the Bible. The doctrine and covenants in the Pearl of Great Price are also viewed as divine authority. According to their beliefs the Book of Mormon came to rectify all the errors in the Bible. Plural marriage became the faith s most sensational characteristic during the 19th century, but vigorous opposition by the United States Congress threatened the church s existence as a legal institution. In his 1890 Manifesto, church president Wilford Woodruff announced the official end of plural marriage, though the practice continued unofficially until the early 20th century. Several smaller groups of Mormons bro ke with the church over the issue of plural marriage, forming several denominations of Mormon fundamentalism. Meanwhile, the Church has become a proponent of monogamy and patriotism. All Mormon faiths set apart from the world by what they believe are their unique relationship with God. The following are core beliefs of the Mormon doctrine. #1The Nature of Jesus Christ- Mormonism is centered on Jesus Christ and His role as creator and redeemer. He is not only the center of MormonShow MoreRelatedThe Church Of Jesus Christ1624 Words   |  7 PagesSaints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was formed in the first-half of the nineteenth-century by its founder, Joseph Smith. Smith was said to have been visited by God, the Father, and Jesus Christ after retreating to the woods to pray for guidance. At the time there were multiple competing facets of Christianity and Smith was unsure which to join. 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As A young boy Joseph was confused as to which church he should join and regularlyRead MoreThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints972 Words   |  4 Pages The religious group Mormonism, better known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, has had their share of hardship and struggles. From this adversity the church and members have had a great impact on western civilization. Being a member myself, I can think of many different stories that have led me to believe that the early members of the church had a rough life. Anyone involved in the expansion westward who was willing to give up their safe lives in the east is a hero in my eyes. OneRead MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesto happen next. I have always been a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Since the day I was born, I was raised in a Mormon home. However, my parent’s were not as strict as a lot of other Mormon parents that you hear about. Nonetheless, they were very faithful in the church, and did everything they could to teach and raise their children in the gospel of Jesus Christ. I participated in every church program available to me. Primary, Achievement Days, Young Women’sRead MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages Individuals who are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints are taught gender is an essential characteristic of an individual premortal, mortal, and eternal identity and purpose. (The Family Proclamation to the World) American society teaches through media, that males are to be aggressive, and females are to be submissive. Society teaches individuals to stuff males and females into conf ining and suppressive boxes, where males are meant to be domineering and females are sexualRead MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesinside sources (current members) and outside sources that encompass everything from ex-members to the media. Jessica Longaker, a non-affiliate of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, posted a critique of the patriarchal influence on Mormonism and how it affects the role of women in the church. Sheri L. Dew, a current member of the church that serves as the Relief Society General President, gave a speech was published on the Church’s official website. In this speech, Dew describes how MormonismRead MoreThe Mormon Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints1974 Words   |  8 Pagesa man named Joseph Smith. In 1890, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints banned the practice of polygamous marriages. As with many religions, when a main practice is resolved it can cause some parishi oners to be upset. Some Mormons were not fond of the idea of dissolving the practice and moved to separate parts of the country to continue the practice. The most well known polygamous branch was given the name the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. This group settledRead MoreThe Bible Of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints1764 Words   |  8 PagesCory Sackett Research Paper One of the largest struggles for members in the church is animosity of non-members. On one hand, many express their dislike of the LDS church without even knowing what Sacrament Meeting is or the full the title of the â€Å"Mormon church† (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints). On the other hand, there are a number supposed experts about Mormon doctrine. Some have belonged to the Church themselves at one point, leaving after finding unresolved dissonance between

Definition of Records Management free essay sample

In the past, records management was sometimes used to refer only to the management of records which were no longer in everyday use but still needed to be kept semi-current or inactive records, often stored in basements or offsite. More modern usage tends to refer to the entire lifecycle of records from the point of creation right through until their eventual disposal.The ISO 15489: 2001 standard defines records management as The field of management responsible for the fficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records. The ISO defines records as information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business.The International Council on Archives ICA) Committee on Electronic Recor ds defines a record as a recorded information produced or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an institutional or individual activity and that comprises content, context and structure sufficient to provide evidence of the activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Records Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The key word In these definitions Is evidence. Put simply, a record can be defined as evidence of an event. Records Management Is the storage preservation and retrieval of information In the shortest possible time.MUDD) Records management Is very Important for the use of storing document this topic was thought In Office Administration. The United States Department of Defence standard DoD 501 5. 02-STD defines Records Management as The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involving the life cycle of Information, Including creation, maintenance (use, storage, retrieval), and disposal, regardless of media.

Improving Communication in Nursing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Communication in Nursing. Answer: Compelling health communication is perceived to be a basic and critical part of healthcare at both the individual and more extensive open level. Good communication is related to positive healthcare results in medical practice and should be observed. The content of this essay applies communication frameworks as well as other nursing communication concepts to the second case scenario where an adult nurse expresses aggression to a fellow nurse. The case relates to personal experience where on the first day of placement, the senior nurse allows me to dress a patients wound. In the course of the patient care completion, the nurse comes in and challenges everything I was doing in manner that shows aggression. The nurses comments shows poor communication existing between physicians all over the hospital. The content of the paper therefore in relation to what happened in the case discusses various concepts, nursing communication tools as well as the framework which can be used to improve suc h kind of ineffective communication. There are various nursing communication concepts and frameworks which can be applied to the selected case scenario. However, assertive communication is the most appropriate framework which can be applied to the case scenario. As already mentioned above the senior nurse showed a sense of aggression which can best be corrected through assertive communication. Assertive communication is nursing communication framework which allows an individual to function effectively just as the other team members (Nouri Rudd, 2015). It is crucial in risky environment such as bedside patient care since it ensures that an appropriate environment is created for patient safe and recovery. Through adoption of assertive communication framework, medical practitioners are able to see problems and speak up to it in order to correction what is not right. Based on the comments of the nurse, assertive communication framework is the best way the aggression can be solved. This is because it will enable me as a nur se to speak with the fellow nurse regarding the issue in a more respectful way. The communication tool that can be applied to the case in order to improve the situation is the ISBAR which prescribes the most effective way of communication in a health care facility. Governance in nursing is quite different from other sectors even though senior nurses have authority and autonomy to make crucial decisions. In a nursing setting, there is a classical approach with an administration approach which is grounded on control of operations, hierarchical ranking and centralization of decision making. However, vertical decision making in a hospital setting is not recommended and nurses regardless of their position are required to apply share governance and collective decision making (Riley, 2015). The senior nurse in the case scenario would have approached me as a fellow nurse before making the overall decision to correct the techniques applied to dress the patients wound. Shared governance requires a leading nurse to include junior nurse practitioners in decisions making which helps them to grow in the field as well as prepare them for the future leadership. The senior nurse remarks are discouraging and does not provide safety room not only for me as a fell ow nurse but to the patient as well. Based on this the communication can be classified as ineffective. Effective communication between nurses and physicians provides room for development junior nurses practitioners as well as healing of the patient. Patient under medical care needs assurance and safety for quick healing, therefore the communication can be classified as ineffective because the patient involved felt unsafe and this may lead to increased healing time. Based on the concept of shared governance, the senior nurse should have call me as a student and showed me the correct and best way to dress the wound. However, the nurse did not show any sense of shared governance but expressed authority and vertical decision expressed in an aggressive manner which negatively influenced my morale and made room unsafe for the patient (Finkelman, 2015). Most of the problems happening in hospital settings occur as a result of ineffective communication between nurses and fellow medical health practitioners. Without communication frameworks, developed nursing communication concepts and tools, poor communication between nurses and other medical practitioners can be perilous resulting to resentment among staffs and errors affecting patient recovery. As evident in the case study, the patient developed an attitude and felt unsafe being treated by a student and this may have grave effects on his healing process. Therefore application of assertive communication is therefore important and can help solve the situation present in the case study (Williams, Kemper Hummert, 2016). Through assertive communication, nurses are able to communicate in a way that creates safety healing as well as environment that promotes personal growth in the organization. With assertive communication the nurses are able to express their thoughts and stand firm in de fending their rights in a more respectful, open and honest way which without any aggression. In case the nurse would have adopted assertive communication framework, he would have passed information regarding the dressing of the patients wound in a more respectful and honest way without aggression as he did. Based on the analysis of the case study, it is recommended for nurses as well as other health practitioners to adopt assertive communication framework which will enable them to stand up against aggression from cohorts and defend their rights in an appropriate manners without conflicts. Moreover, adoption of assertive communication will enable nurses to feel good and self-confidence as well as learn on how to deal with fellow nurses and how the colleagues will deal with you as a nurse (Mulder, Lokhorst, Rutten Woerkum, 2015). Apart from adoption of an assertive framework is also crucial for hospital settings to adopt ISBAR techniques. ISBAR as a communication tool in a hospital setting is crucial as it bridges the existing gap between two different approaches utilized by two different nurses while taking care of a patients. As evident in the case scenario, both the senior nurse and I had different techniques of dressing the wound. The existence of different wound dressing approaches resulted into a conflict which could not have existed with application of ISBAR technique (Hargie, 2016). Through identification, situation, background, assessment and recommendation as a junior nurse I would have all the required information to dress the patients wound as required by the senior nurse. Based on the case study evidence is therefore crucial for nurse practitioners to apply ISBAR in order to make information about patients under care available to all medical practitioners taking care of the patient. Effective communication in a hospital setting provides required environment which is crucial in healing and positive outcome in healthcare. Nurses within a hospital setting have the largest portion of the responsibilities relating to patient care. Thus without an effective communication between the nurses as evident in the case study, healthcare can be a problem and challenging to the patient. It is therefore required for nurses to communicate clearly in order to provide required healthcare for their patients. In order to achieve effective communication, medical practitioners must embrace communication techniques, concepts, communication tools as well as shared governance (Nouri Rudd, 2015). Moreover, tools like ISBAR, assertive communication framework, shared governance do not only enable effective communication but results into development of the required skills in medicine and patients care. References Finkelman, A. 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